Abstract Recently, there has been a steady tendency to expand indications for organpreserving operations for kidney tumors.The success of the operation depends on many factors and, first of all, on the completeness of tumor removal and reliability of hemostasis without damage to the blood supply of the entire organ with a minimum time of thermal or cold ischemia. Particularly difficult for surgeon are tumors with intrarenal arrangement. This is due to difficulties of intraoperative determination of tumor localization, as well as technical aspects of removal of big newgrowth with the implementation of adequate hemostasis in the bed of the removed tumor. If resection of kidney poles with a tumor is a fairly simple operation, the enucleation of the latter in the depth of the parenchyma at the location in the middle segments of the kidney and in direct contact with large vessels, is of great technical complexity As a rule, central location of intrarenal tumor requires the "exposure" of kidney parenchyma by a separate incision, up to the sectional. The surgeon's task is to minimize such transparenchymal access, which creates difficulties with hemostasis in a limited space and time limit of thermal ischemia. Hemostatic insufficiency, in turn, can lead to postoperative bleeding, and formation of arteriovenous fistulas. Superselective embolization of branches of the renal artery supplying the intrarenal tumor ensures the subsequent optimal revision of the bed of the removed tumor, minimizes blood loss and allows to refuses blood flow arrest of entire organ. Case report: article presents data of a young 33-year-old patient with a congenital anomaly in the blood supply of left kidney in the form of a multiple renal artery and kidney tumor T1AN0M0. Ultrasound, CT and MRI revealed an intraparenchymal tumor of the left kidney measuring 2,3x2,5x2,2 cm, with blood supply by 4 arteries extending from the aorta. As the first stage, superselective embolization of tumor's blood supplying artery with PVA 355-500 microns was performed. The second stage was the enucleation of a tumor of left kidney under the control of intraoperative ultrasound without thermal kidney ischemia. Intraoperative blood loss less than 150 ml. The patient was discharged on the 7th day Conclusion: performing selective embolization of the renal artery feeding the tumor makes it possible to perform the operation without thermal ischemia of the kidney with minimal blood loss. References 1. Alyaev YU.G., Glybochko P.V., Grigoryan Z.G., Gazimiev M.A. Organ-preserving surgery for kidney tumors. M.:GEOTAR-Media,2009; S. 55-64. [In Russ.] 2. 3-D - technology for operations on the kidney: from virtual to real surgery. Pod red. Glybochko P.V., Alyaeva YU.G. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2014; S.91-92. [In Russ.] 3. MacLeman S, Imamura M., Lapitan M.C. Systematic review of perioperative end quality-of-life outcomes following surgical management of localized renal cancer. Eur Urol, 2012; 62:1097. 4. May M., Brookman-Amissah S, Pflanz S., Roigas J., Hoschke B., Kendel F. Pre-operative renal arterial embolisation does not provide survival benefit in patients with radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Br J Radiol, 2009; 82:724. 5. Maxwell N.J., Saleem Amer N, Rogers E. Kiely D, Sweeney P, Brady AP, Renal artery embolisation in the palliative treatment of renal carcinoma. Br J Radiol, 2007; 80:96. 6. Vishnyakova M.V., Vashchenko A.V., Demidov I.N., Gegenava B.B., Denisova L.B. Endovascular treatment of vascular pathology using three-dimensional navigation. First experience. Rossijskij elektronnyj zhurnal luchevoj diagnostiki. 2011; T1. №3. S.44-53. [In Russ.] 7. Gegenava B.B., Vishnyakova M.V., Kiselev A.M., Vashchenko A.V., Demidov I.N., Vishnyakova M.V. (ml.) Endovascular treatment of arteriovenous malformations of cerebral vessels using three-dimensional guidance technology. Al'manah klinicheskoj mediciny. 2013g., №29 str.3-7. [In Russ.] 8. Kokov L.S., Storozhev R.V., Bocharov S.M., Anisimov YU.A., Belozerov G.E., Pinchuk A.V., Experience in embolization of the artery of a renal allograft before nephrotransplantectomy at a long time after surgery. Transplantologiya. 2012; № 1-2. S. 70-73. [In Russ.] 9. Bazaev V.V., Gegenava B.B., Stashuk G.A., Bychkova N.V., Kazanceva I.A. Successful resection of the kidney in a patient with rupture of angiomyolipoma with preliminary superselective embolization of renal vessels. Annaly hirurgii, 2018; T.23 №4. S239-246. [In Russ.]
Abstract: Renal artery stenosis is a common condition that can cause renovascular hypertension or ischemic nephropathy. Endovascular treatment for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is performed frequently and its usage has rapidly increased during the last few years. However clinical benefit of renal artery stenting is questionable. Many researchers suppose that clinical outcomes after renal artery stenting may be improved. Several potential ways to this improvement is discussed: the evaluation of hemodinamical parameters of the stenosis, viability of the renal tissue, prophylactic of the atheroembolisation and restenosis. This article reviews the recent data concerning perspective trends in endovascular procedures on renal arteries that can improve long-term clinical outcomes after renal artery stenting. References 1. Wheatley K., Phil D., Ives N. Revascularization versus medical therapy for renal-artery stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009; 36: 1953 - 62. 2. Textor S. Despite results from ASTRAL, jury still out on stenting for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Nephrology. Times .2010; 3: 2-7. 3. Kapoor N., Fahsah I., Karim R et al. Physiological assessment of renal artery stenosis: comparisons of resting with hyperemic renal pressure measurements. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2010; 76(5): 726-32. 4. Rundback J.H., Sacks D., Kent K.C., et al. Guidelines for the reporting of renal artery revascularization in clinical trials. American Heart Association. Circulation. 2002; 106: 1572-1585. 5. Jones N., Bates E., Chetcuti S. Usefulness of tran- slesional pressure gradient and pharmacological provocation for the assessment of intermediate renal artery disease. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2006; 68(3): 429-34. 6. Mitchell J., Subramanian R., White C. et al. Predicting blood pressure improvement in hypertensive patients after renal artery stent placement: renal fractional flow reserve. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2007; 69(5):685-9. 7. Kadziela J., Witkowski A., Januszewicz A. Assessment of renal artery stenosis using both resting pressures ratio and fractional flow reserve: relationship to angiography and ultrasonography. BloodPress. 2011; 20(4): 211-7. 8. Drieghe B., Madaric J., Sarno G. et al. Assessment of renal artery stenosis: side-by-side comparison of angiography and duplex ultrasound with pressure gradient measurements. European. Heart. Journal. 2007; 29 (4): 517-24. 9. Subramanian R., White C.J., Rosenfield K. et al. Renal fractional flow reserve: a hemodynamic evaluation of moderate renal artery stenoses. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2005; 64: 480-486. 10. Leesar M., Varma J., Shapira A. Prediction of hypertension improvement after stenting of renal artery stenosis: comparative accuracy of translesional pressure gradients, intravascular ultrasound, and angiography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009; 53(25): 2363-71. 11. Radermacher J., Chavan A., Bleck J. et al. Use of Doppler ultrasonography to predict the outcome of therapy for renal-artery stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 344: 410-417. 12. Doi Y., Iwashima Y., Yoshihara F. Et al. Renal resistive index and cardiovascular and renal outcomes in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 2012; Jul 23. Epub ahead of print. 13. Zeller T., Ulrich F., Mflller C., Bbrgelin K., Sinn L. Angioplasty of severe atherosclerotic ostial renal artery stenosis: predictors of improved renal function after percutaneous stent-supported intervention. Circulation 2003; 108: 2244-2249. 14. Liew Y., Bartholomew J. Atheromatous embolization. hsc. Med. 2005; 10: 309-326. 15. Holden A. Is there an indication for embolic protection in renal artery intervention? Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2011; 14(2): 95-100. 16. Rocha-Singh K., Eisenhauer A.,Textor S. Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease symposium II: intervention for renal artery disease. Circulation. 2008; 118: 2873-2878. 17. Feldman R., Wargovich T., Bittl J. No-touch technique for reducing aortic wall trauma during renal artery stenting. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 1999; 46(2): 245-8. 18. Kolluri R., Goldstein J., Rocha-Singh K. Percutaneous vascular interventions in renal artery diseases. Minerva. Cardioangiol. 2006; 54: 95-107. 19. Hiramoto J., Hansen K., Pan X. Atheroemboli during renal artery angioplasty: an ex vivo study. J. Vhsc. Surg. 2005; 41(6): 1026-30. 20. Holden A., Hill A. Renal angioplasty and stenting with distal protection of the main renal artery in ischemic nephropathy: early experience. Journal Vascular. Surgery. 2003; 38: 962-968. 21. Perkovic V., Thomson K., Mitchell P. et al. Treatment of renovascular disease with percutaneous stent insertion: long-term outcomes. Austral. Radiol. 2001; 45: 438-43. 22. Paulsen D., Klow N., Rogstad B. et al. Preservation of renal function by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in ischaemic renal disease. Nephrol. Dial Transplant. 1999; 14: 1454-61. 23. Leertouwer T., Gussenhoven E., Bosch J. et al. Stent placement for renal arterial stenosis: where do we stand? A meta-analysis. Radiology. 2000; 216: 78-85. 24. Vignali C., Bargellini I., Lazzereschi M. et al. Predictive factors of in-stent restenosis in renal artery stenting: a retrospective analysis. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2005; 28: 296-302. 25. Corriere M., Edwards M., Pearce J. et al. Restenosis after renal artery angioplasty and stenting: incidence and risk factors. J. Vasc. Surg. 2009; 50(4): 813-819. 26. Leertouwer T., Gussenhoven E., van Overhagen H. et al. Stent placement for treatment of renal artery stenosis guided by intravascular ultrasound. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 1998; 9: 945-952. 27. Zeller T., Rastan A., Rothenpieler U. et al. Restenosis after stenting of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: is there a rationale for the use of drug-eluting stents? Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2006; 68(1): 125-30. 28. Sapoval M., Zghringer M., Pattynama P. et al. Low- profile stent system for treatment of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: the GREAT trial. J. Vasc. Intern Radiol. 2005; 16(9): 1195-202.
Videodensitometry in assessment of renal blood flow in patients with renal atherosclerotic artery disease
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25512/DIR.2010.04.4.07
For quoting:
Zyatenkov A.V., Volynskij Yu.D., Tsygankov V.N., Kokov L.S. "Videodensitometry in assessment of renal blood flow in patients with renal atherosclerotic artery disease". Journal Diagnostic & interventional radiology. 2010; 4(4); 49-55.
Abstract: Purpose. Was to investigate ability of videodensitometry for assessment the effect of renal artery stenosis on parenchymal perfusion. Materials and methods. Аngiographic data of 97 patients with and 55 patients without renal artery stenosis were analyzed by means of videodensitometry, using «Multivox» software. All patients underwent renal arteries duplex ultrasound and kidneys ultrasound examination. Levels of blood pressure and kidney function as a clinical signs of renovascular hypertension were assessed. Risk factors of kidney parenchymal injury such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney diseases were monitored. Results. Videodensitometric analysis allows to detect statistically significant differences in parenchymal perfusion between kidneys with and without renal artery stenosis. A grade of changes in parenchymal perfusion correlates with angiographicaly measured degree of renal artery stenosis and renal artery blood flow velocity. Conclusion. Videodensitometric perfusion parameters can be used to assess the effect of renal artery stenosis on parenchymal blood flow. Thus, videodensitometry extends diagnostic capability of angiographic study. References 1. Hansen K.J. et al. Prevalence of renovascular desease in eldery. А populaton based study. J. Vasc. Surg. 2002; 36: 443–451. 2. Safian R.D., Textor S.C. Renal artery stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 344: 431–442. 3. Rihal C.S. et al. Incedental renal artery stenosis among a prospective cohort of hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angiography. May. Clin. Proc. 2002; 77:309–316. 4. Olin J.W. et al. Prevalence of atherosclerotic RAS in patients with atherosclerosis else-where. Am. J. Med. 1990; 88: 46–51. 5. Galaria I.I. et al. Percutaneous and open renal revascularizations have equivalent long-term functional outcomes. Ann. Vasc. Surgery. 2005; 19 (2): 218–228.
6. Weibull H. et al. Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty versus surgical reconstruction of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. А prospective randomized study.J. Vasc. Surg. 1993; 18: 841–850. 7. Murphy T.P. et al. Increase of utilization of percutaneous renal artery interventions. Am.J. of Roentgenol. 2004; 183: 561–568. 8. Wheatley K. et al. Revascularization versus medical therapy for renal artery stenosis. N.Engl. J. Med. 2009; 361: 1953–1962. 9. Rocha-Singh K.J. et al. Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Symposium II: Intervention for Renal Artery Disease. Circulation. 2008; 118: 2873–2878. 10. Волынский Ю.Д., Кириллов М.Г., Шамалов Н.А. и др. Анализ экстра- и интракраниальной гемодинамики с помощью метода рентгеноденситометрии. Спец. выпуск «Инсульт». Ж. невр. и псих. им. С.С.Корсакова. 2007; 243. 11. Meier P., Zierler K.L. On the theory of the indicator-dilution method for measurement of blood flow and volume. J. Appl. Physiol. 1954; 12: 731–744.
Abstract: Purpose: on the basis of long-term results of renal angioplasty and stenting, the authors define the indications for endovascular interventions in patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH). Materials and methods: since 1992-2008 in Tashkent Medical Academy Vascular Surgery Center were performed 131 endovascular interventions in 119 patients for renal arteries (RA) stenoses of various origins. 97 patients underwent balloon angioplasty (BA) of renal arteries (105 interventions), and stenting was performed in 22 cases (26 stenting procedures). Systolic blood pressure varied from 170 to 300 mm Hg (219,4±23,1 mmHg), with diastolic blood pressure from 170 to 300 mm Hg (118,1±8,9 mm Hg). Average arterial hypertension history was 5,2±3,7 years (6 months - 16 years). Results: technical success rate was 85,6% for balloon angioplasty, and 100 % for stenting procedures. Immediate hypotensive effect was good to satisfactory. Complication rate was 2,5% (3 patients). Long-term results were assessed in 76 cases of balloon angioplasty (78,4%), and in all patients with renal arteries stenting. The average follow-up was 72±32,5 months (6-144 months) for balloon angioplasty, and 6-24 months for stenting group. In the angioplasty group long-term hypotensive effect lasted in 54(71,1%) of patients, and the restenosis rate was as high as 28,9% (22 cases). In the stenting group, the long-term hypotensive effect was preserved in all the patients, and there were no cases of restenosis. Conclusions: high rates of technical and clinical success, as well as low rates of restenosis, allow the renal artery stenting procedure to be seen as the method of choice for renovascular hypertension. References 1. Клиническая ангиология в 2 томах. Под редакцией А.В. Покровского. М.: Медицина. 2004; 2: 94-114. 2. Алекян Б.Г., Бузиашвили Ю.И., Голухова Е.З. и др. Ближайшие и отдаленные результаты стентирования почечных артерий у больных с вазоренальной гипертензией. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 2006;1: 55-62. 3. Carmo M., Bower T.C. Surgical мanagement of renal fibromuscular dysplasia. Challenges 11.in the endovascular era. Ann. Vasc. Surgery. 2005; 19: 208-217. 4. Baert A.L., Wilms G., Amery A., Vermylen J.,Suy R. Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty: initial results and long-term follow-up in 202 patients. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 1990; 13: 22-28. 5. WongJ.M., Hansen K.J., Oskin T.C. et al. Surgery after failed percutaneous renal artery angioplasty.J. Vasc. Surg. 1999; 30: 468-483. 6. Yutan E., Glickerman D.J., Caps M.T. et al.Percutaneous transluminal revascularizationfor renal artery stenosis. Veterans affairs puget sound health care system experience. J. Vasc. Surg. 2001; 34: 685-693. 7. Петровский Б.В., Гавриленко А.В. 40-летний опыт реконструктивных операций при вазоренальной гипертензии. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 2003; 2: 8-12. 8. Троицкий А.В., Елагин О.С., Хабазов Р.И. и др. Одномоментная реконструкция висцеральных ветвей аорты и почечных артерий. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 2006; 2: 132-136. 9. Крылов В.П., Реут Л.И., Дергачева И.М. и соавт. Отдаленные результаты хирургического лечения вазоренальной гипертензии. Клиническая кардиология. 2004; 2: 34-39. 10. Bonelli F.S., McKusick M.A., Textor S.C. et al. Renal artery angioplasty: technical results and clinical outcome in 320 patients. Mayo. Clinic. Proc. 1995; 70: 1041-1052. 11. Surowiec S.M., Sivamurthy N., Rhodes J.M. et al. Percutaneous therapy for renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 2003; 17: 650-655. 12. Galaria I.I., Surowiec S.M., Jeffrey M. Percutaneous and оpen renal revascularizations have equivalent long-term functional outcomes. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 2005; 25: 218-224.
